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HOME
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Francisco J. Varela
1946 - 2001
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This
Focus File
is an archival collection of materials on Francisco Varela's life and career.
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Francisco J. Varela was born in Chile on September 7, 1946. He died at the age of 54 in Paris on May 28, 2001. His life and work are well-summarized in an obituary written by his collaborator Evan Thompson.
Varela initially achieved international recognition in the 1970's as Humberto Maturana's colleague and co-creator of the concept of autopoiesis. Throughout the remainder of his career Varela explored issues and concepts within, and extending beyond, autopoietic theory. His 1979 Principles of Biological Autonomy ranks alongside Autopoiesis and Cognition as a central text on the subject of the biology of cognition / autopoietic theory. Many of this theory's important points receive their most detailed exposition in his writings. Beyond this, he augmented the basic theories with exploration and extension of relevant logic (the calculus of indications) and novel analytical constructs (e.g., complementarity; the star operator).
His 1991 Embodied Mind laid the groundwork for an enactive cognitive science intended to overcome the dilemmas plaguing Western science's approach to the phenomenon of mind. In his final decade, he focused much of his energy on consciousness studies and the new field he had labeled neurophenomenology.
His contributions to our knowledge are already remarkable for their originality, number, and significance. As time goes on, the perceived noteworthiness of his work will no doubt increase, as will a belated appreciation of how much his death has cost us all.
P.S.: This editor owes multiple debts of gratitude to Professor Varela - most especially for his prompting me to establish the Internet resources that evolved into the Observer Web. Therefore, the many people worldwide who have thanked me for these efforts also owe Francisco a debt of gratitude.
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"If everybody would agree that their current reality is A reality, and that what we essentially share is our capacity for constructing a reality, then perhaps we could all agree on a meta-agreement for computing a reality that would mean survival and dignity for everyone on the planet, rather than each group being sold on a particular way of doing things."
Francisco Varela, quoted on the Global Vision Website.
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Varela's Personal Contributions to Autopoietic Theory
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Francisco's best known contribution to autopoietic theory was his collaboration with Humberto Maturana from the late 1960's into the early 1970's. It was during this period that the biology of cognition was formally elaborated and the core concept of 'autopoiesis' was created. From the mid-1970's onward, Francisco continued to explore and elaborate this novel theory on his own and in his own way. Below is a list of his concepts and constructs which specifically relate to the biology of cognition / autopoietic theory.
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operational versus symbolic explanations
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admissibility for symbolic explanations
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autonomy (as a formal construct)
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analytic versus synthetic explanatory paradigms
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categorization of system characterizations and representations with respect to the dichotomy between autonomous and non-autonomous systems
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criteria of distinction (for an observer or observer-community)
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the re-entry operator (added to Spencer Brown's calculus of indications)
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extended calculus of indications (ECI)
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organizational closure
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interactional closure
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The Closure Thesis
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cognitive point of view
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behavioral versus recursive cognitive points of view
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complementarity
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symmetry / asymmetry in complementary pairs
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application of eigenbehaviors to model autonomous systems
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enaction
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enactive cognitive science
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the only attempt to categorize autopoietic theory with respect to traditional epistemological taxonomies
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in-formation
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materiality versus nonmateriality in explanation
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nomic relations invoked in explanations
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observer-community
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representationist programme (label for the position that mind mirrors a pre-given world)
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star operator
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"...[T]he last 15 years have witnessed the ascent of an alternative view, that of embodied or enactive cognition. This new wave arose because the computationalist doctrine failed to account even for the most elementary coping with the world: walking, perceiving object in a natural setting, imagination. Slowly the cards turned into considering that the basis of mind is the body in coupled action, that is, the sensory-motor circuits establish the organism as viable in situated contexts. From this perspective the brain appears as a dynamical process (and not a syntactic one) of real time variables with a rich self-organizing capacity (and not a representational machinery). So in this sense the mind is not in the head since it is roots in the body as a whole and also in the extended environment where the organism finds itself."
- Francisco Varela, Cosmos Web Forum letter 12e (1998?)
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An Overview of Varela's Career
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EDUCATION
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Harvard University 1968-1970: Ph.D. in Biology
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Thesis: Insect Retinas: Information processing in the compound eye
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University of Chile 1965-1967: M.Sc. (Licenciatura) in Biology
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Catholic University of Chile 1964-1966: School of Medicine
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German Lyceum, Santiago, Chile 1951-1963.
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ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS
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1988-2001:
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Director of Research (DR1), CNRS
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1992:
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Guest Professor, Zurich Polytechnical Institut (ETH)
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1989-1992:
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Program Director, College Internationale de Philosophie, Paris
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1986-1988:
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Professeur Associé, Institut des Neurosciences, CNRS-Université de Paris VI
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1986-1991:
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Fondation de France Professor of Cognitive Science and Epistemology, CREA, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris.
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1984:
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Visiting Senior Researcher, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany.
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1980-1985:
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Professor of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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1979-1980:
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Research Associate Professor, Brain Research Laboratories, New York University Medical School, New York, USA.
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1974-1978:
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Assistant Professor, University of Colorado Medical School, Denver, Colorado.
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1970-1973:
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Assistant Professor, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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1968-1970:
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Teaching Fellow, Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass, USA.
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1965-1967:
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Teaching Fellow, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Santiago, Chile.
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PROFESSIONAL AWARDS
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Presidential Medal of Italy for Contributions to Science and Culture
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Interamerican Science Prize "Manuel Noriega" (O.A.S.) for Biological Sciences for 1986
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Alexander von Humboldt Fellow - 1984
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John S. Guggenheim Fellow -1983
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Director, Chilean Society for Biological Research - 1981-1984
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Alfred P.Sloan Foundation Award in the Neurosciences -1976-1978
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Fulbright Travel Fellow - 1968-1970
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Paul Mazur Fellowship for Graduate Study, Harvard University 1968-1970.
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EDITORIAL / ADVISORY BOARDS
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Revue Internationale de Systemique
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Biology Forum
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La Nuova Critica
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Cybernetics and Human Knowing
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Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (Stanford)
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Advances in Consciousness Research
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Artificial Life
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Journal of Consciousness Studies.
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ADVISORY COUNCILS / COMMITTEES
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The Lindisfarne Association, New York.
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Centri di Studi Epistemologicie Cognitivi, Provincia di Perugia, Italia.
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Fondazione Sigma Tau, Roma.
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Centro di Stidu Semoitici e Cognitivie, Universitá di San Marino.
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Friedensuniversität (Berlin).
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Conseil Scientifique Réseau Cogniseine.
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Vice-president, Institut pour les Sciences de la Complexité (Paris).
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Mind and Life Institute, USA.
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Center for the Study of Consciousness, University of Arizona.
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SONY Computer Science Laboratory, Tokyo
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SCIENTIFIC CONSULTANCIES
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Royal Dutch Shell Corporation, London
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Rousel-UCLAF, Paris
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Global Learning Project, United Nations University
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Global Business Network, Berkeley
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Business Design Associates, Berkeley
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TEACHING EXPERIENCE
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General Biology, Harvard University 1968-1970.
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Introduction to Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Chile, 1970-1973.
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Histology and Cell Biology, University of Colorado Medical School, 1974-1978.
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Research Seminar in Neurosciences, University of Colorado Medical School,1975-1978.
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Neurobiology, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Chile, 1980-1985.
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Advanced Topics in Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Chile, 1980-1985.
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U.E.R. Physiologie, University P.etM.Curie (Paris VI), 2e cycle,1986-1987.
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Cognitive Science and Epistemology, CREA, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, 1986-2001.
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"I hope I have seduced the reader to consider that we have in front of us the possibility of an open-ended quest for resonant passages between human experience and cognitive science. The price however is to take first-person accounts seriously as valid domain of phenomena. And beyond that, to build a sustained tradition of phenomenological examination that is almost entirely nonexistent today in our western science and culture at large."
Francisco Varela, Neurophenomenology : A methodological remedy for the hard problem, Journal of Consciousness Studies, "Special Issues on the Hard Problems", J.Shear (Ed.), June 1996.
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Bibliography:
Francisco Varela's Publications and other Documentary Products
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Francisco's written output was as voluminous as it was intriguing. Ranging from biology to Buddhism, his publications are uniformly substantive and significant. The bibliographic listings below are adapted from the publications list posted on his personal Web page. These listings were current as of July 2000 - approximately 10 months prior to his death.
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PUBLISHED PAPERS
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1969
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Varela,F. and K.R.Porter (1969) The fine structure of the visual system of the honeybee. I. The retina, J.Ultrastruct.Res.
29:236-258.
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1970
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Varela,F. and H.Maturana (1970), Time courses of excitation and inhibition in the vertebrate retina,
Exp.Neurol.
26:53-59.
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Varela,F. (1970), The fine structure of the visual system of the honeybee.II. The lamina
J.Ultrastruct.Res
31:178-194.
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Varela,F. and W.Wiitanen (1970). Optics in the compound eye of the honeybee, J.Gen.Physiol., 55:336-358.
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1971
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Wiitanen,W. and F.Varela (1971) Analysis of the organization and overlap of visual fields in the compound eye of the honeybee, J.Gen.Physiol.
57:303-325.
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Varela,F. (1971) Self-consciousness: Adaptation or epiphenomenon?
Studium Generale
24:426-439.
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Moran, D. and F.Varela (1971) Microtubules and sensory transduction
Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA
68:757-760.
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Varela,F. (1971) The vertebrate and the compound eye in evolutionary perspective, Vision Res. (Suppl.) , 11:201-210.
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1972
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Maturana,H. , F.Varela, and S.Frenk (1972) Size constancy and the problem of perceptual spaces
Cognition
1:97-104.
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1973
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Varela,F. and H.Maturana (1973) Mechanism and biological explanation
Phil.Sci.
39:378-382.
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1974
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Varela,F., H.Maturana and R.Uribe (1974) Autopoiesis: The organization of living systems, its characterizationand a model, Biosystems
5:187-196.
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Reprinted in: Cybernetics Forum 10:7-14,1982.
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German translation in: Erkennen: Die Organisation und Verkörperung von Wirklichkeit, Vieweg, Wiesbaden, 1982, pp.157-167.
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Italian translation in:La Nuova Critica, No 64, 1982, pp.5-21.
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1975
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Moran,D., J.Rowley, and F.Varela (1975) Ultrastructure of the grasshopper femoral chordotonal organ
Cell Tiss.Res
. 16:445-457.
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Varela,F. (1975) A calculus for self-reference
Int.J.Gen.Systems
2:5-24.
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1976
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Moran,D., J.Rowley, S.Zill, and F.Varela (1976) The mechanism of sensory transduction in a mechanoreceptor
J.Cell Biol. 71
:832-847.
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Varela, F. (1976) Not one, not two, CoEvolution Quarterly ,No. 12, pp.62-67.
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1977
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Moran,D., F.Varela, and J.Rowley (1977) Evidence for the active role of sensory cilia in mechanotransduction, Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, 74: 793-797.
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Varela,F. and J.Goguen (1977) The arithmetic of closure in: R.Trappl (Ed.),Progress in Cybernetics and Systems Research, Vol. 3, Wiley Hemisphere, New York, pp. 48-63.
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Reprinted in: J.Cybernetics , 8:291-324, 1978.
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Varela,F. (1977) On being autonomous: The lessons of natural history for systems theory in: G.Klir (Ed.),
Applied Systems Research
, Plenum Press, New
York, pp.77-85.
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Varela,F. J.Rowley, and D.Moran (1977) The control of ciliary movements: An application of the cusp catastrophe
J. Theoret.Biol.
65:531-553.
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Zeiger, E., W.Moody, P.Hepler, and F.Varela (1977) Photoreceptor-like responses in stomatal guard cells
Nature
270:270-271.
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Varela,F. (1977) The nervous system as a closed network
Brain Theory Newsletter
2:66-67.
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1978
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Vaz, N. and F.Varela (1978) Self and non-sense: An organism- centered approach to immunology
Medical Hypothesis
4:231-267.
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Japanese translation: Gendai-Shiso, Vol.12, pp.166-188,
1984.
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1979
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Goguen,J. and F.Varela (1979) Systems and distinctions: Duality and complementarity
Int.J.Gen.Systems
5:31-43.
- Varela,F. (1979) The extended calculus of indications interpreted as a three-valued logic
Notre Dame J.Formal Logic
20:141-146.
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1980
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Kauffman,L. and F.Varela (1980) Form dynamics
J.Soc.Biol.Struct.
3:171-206.
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Varela,F. (1980) Describing the logic of the living in: M.Zeleny (Ed.), Autopoeisis: A theory of the living organization, North-Holland. New York, pp.36-48.
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1981
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Zill,S., D.Moran, and F.Varela (1981) The exoskeleton and insect propioception. Reflex effects of tibial campaniform sensilla in the american cockroach (Periplaneta americana)J.Exp.Biol. 94:43-57.
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Varela,F., A.Toro. E.R.John, and E.Schwartz (1981) Perceptual framing and cortical alpha rhythms
Neuropsychologia
19:675-686.
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Varela, F. (1981) Autonomy and autopoiesis in: G.Roth and H.Schwegler (Eds.), Self-Organizing Systems: An interdiciplinary approach, Campus Verlag, Frankfurt / New York, pp.14-24.
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German translation in: S.J.Schmidt (Hgb.), Der Diskurs des Radikalen Konstruktivismus, Suhrkamp Tashenbuch Wissenschaft, Frankfurt,
1986, pp.119-133.
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Varela, F. (1981) Der kreative Zirkel: Skizzen zur Naturgeschichte der Rückbezüglichkeit in: P. Watzlavick (Ed.), Die Erfundene Wirklichkeit: Beiträge zum Konstruktivismus, Piper Verlag, München, pp.294-309.
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English translation in: The Invented Reality: Contributions to constructivism, W.Norton, New York, pp.309-325, 1984.
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French translation in:
L'Invention de la Realité,Eds du Seuil, Paris, 1988, pp.329-347.
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Italian translation in: La Reltá Inevntata,Feltrinelli, Milan, 1989.
- Spanish translation in: La Realidad Inventada,Ed.Gedisa, Buenos Aires, 1989.
- Portuguese translation in: A Realidade Inventada, Edit.Psy, Campinas, 1994
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Maturana, H. and F.Varela (1981) Size constancy and accommodation, Perception, 10:104-107.
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1982
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Varela,F. (1982) Las álgebras de Boole y la noción de distinción Notas Soc.Matem.Chile , 1:39-53.
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Varela, F. (1982) La corteza bien temperada: Análisis harmónico de campos receptivos visuales Arch.Biol.Med.Exp, 15:297-303.
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Maturana, H. and F.Varela (1982) Color-opponent responses in the avian geniculate: A study in the quail
(Coturnix corturnix japonica ) Brain Res, 247:227-241.
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1983
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Varela,F. (1983) L'auto-organisation: De l'apparence au mécanisme in: P.Dumouchel and J.P.Dupuy (Eds.),
L'Auto-Organisation: De la physique au politique, Eds. du Seuil, Paris, pp.147-165.
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English translation in: La Nuova Critica, No.64,pp.31-51, 1982.
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Varela,F., G.Marín, J.Letelier, and H.Maturana
(1983) The neurophysiology of avian color vision Arch.Biol.Med.Exp., 16:291-303.
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1984
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Soto-Andrade,J. and F.Varela (1984) Self-reference and fixed points
Acta Applic.Matem
. 2:1-19.
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Varela,F. (1984) Das Gehen ist der Weg in: R.Kakuska (Ed.),
Andere Wirklichkeiten
, Dianus Trikont, München,
pp.155-169.
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Varela,F. (1984) Two principles for self-organization in: H.Ulrich and G.Probst (Eds.),
Self-organization and Management
of Social Systems
, Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp.25-33.
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Letelier,J. and F.Varela (1984) Why the cortical magnification factor in
Rhesus
is isotropic
Vision Res.
24:1091-1095.
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Budnik,V., J.Mpodozis, F.Varela, and H.Maturana (1984) Regional specialization of the quail retina: Ganglion cell density and
oil droplet distribution
Neuroscien. Lett
. 51:145-150.
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Varela,F. (1984) Living ways of sense-making: A middle path for neuroscience in: P.Livingstone (Ed.), Order and Disorder: Proceedings of the Stanford International Symposium, Anma Libri, Stanford, pp.208-224.
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1985
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Varela,F. (1985) Non-hebbian synaptic learning rules in:
Cognitiva 85, CESTA, Paris, pp.751-754.
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Varela,F. (1985) Complexity of the brain and autonomy of the living in: G.Bocchi and M.Ceruti (Eds.),La Sfida della Complessitá, Feltrinelli Milano, pp.141-157
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Glasersfeld, E.v. and F.Varela (1985) Problems of knowledge and cognizing organisms
Learning/Development
(Lisbon), 2:17-25
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Also in Methodologia Nº1 (1987), pp.29-47, with italian translation, pp. 67-84.
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1986
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Varela,F. (1986) Sur l'emergence de l'ordre dans les reseaux neuronaux modulaires in: Jeux de Reseaux, Cahiers STS du CNRS, Nº9-10, Paris, pp.201-209.
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Varela,F. (1986) Experimental epistemology: Past, present, and future Rev.Internat.Systemique 1:209-225.
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Also in: Cahier CREA Nº9, Ecole Polytechnique,Paris, pp.107-123
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Eidos (Canada), 1989.
- Japanese translation: IBM User (Tokyo), Nº4, pp.16-21, 1987.
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Varela,F. (1986) The future of perception and artificial intelligence in: H.Kawai and S.Yoshifuku (Eds.),
Technology and Tradition in Transition
, Proceedings of the Kyoto Intl. Symposium,Koyshakusa, Tokyo, pp.18-44.
(in japanese)
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German translation in: Lebende Systeme, Heidelberg(in press).
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Varela,F. (1986) Steps to a cybernetics of autonomy in: R.Trappl (Ed.),
Power and Autonomy: New approaches toward complex
systems,
Plenum Press, London-New York, pp.117-122.
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Varela,F. (1986) Networks: Immune and otherwise. A letter to the editor
Ann.Inst.Pasteur
/ Immunol.
137 D:127-129.
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Varela,F. (1986) Laying down a path in walking: a biologist's look at a new biology
Cybernetic
2: 6-15
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Reprinted in:
ReVision, 9:93-99; S.Grof (Ed.),
Consciousness and Human Survival, SUNY Press, 1987; W.Thompson (ed.), Gaia: A way of knowing, Lindisfarne Press, Barrington, Mass.
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German translation in: P.Fayerabend and Ch.Thomas,Leben mit den "Acht Todsünden der zivilisierten Menscheit"?, Verlag der Fachvereine, Zürich , 1987, pp.307-325 (with a comment by P.Fayerabend,
pp. 325-330.
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Also in: S.Grof (Ed.), Die Chance der Menscheit, Kösel, München, 1988, pp.155- 168.
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French version in: 3e Millénaire, Nº12, Mars 89, pp.40-50.
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Italian version in: W.Thompson (ed.), Ecologia e Autonomia, Feltrinelli, MIlan, 1989.
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1987
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Varela,F. and S.Frenk (1987) The organ of form: Towards a biological theory of shape , J.Soc.Biol.Struct. , 10:73-83.
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Varela,F. (1987) Die Auto-Organisation im Hirn und kognitive Prozesse in G.Güntern (Hg.), Der Blinde Tanz der Lautlöse Musik: Die Auto-Organisation von Systemen, ISO-Stiftung, Brig, Switzerland, pp.71-93.
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Varela,F. and W.Singer (1987) Neuronal dynamics in the visual cortico-thalamic pathway as revealed
through binocular rivalry
Exp.Brain Res.
66:10-20.
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Varela, F.(1987) Les racines biologiques de la individualité in: Sur L'Individu, Colloque de Royaumont, Eds. du Seuil, pp. 88-95.
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Portuguese translation: Individuo e Poder, Ediçiões
70, Lisboa, pp.105-113.
- Spanish translation: Sobre el Individuo, Editorial Paidós, Barcelona, pp.111-119.
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Rössler,J. and F.Varela (1987) Exact results for the average dynamics and correlation of non-linear
neural networks
Biol.Cybernetics
57:249-256.
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Varela,F. (1987) The science and technology of cognition: Emergent directions, in: J.L.Roos (Ed.), Economics and Artificial Intelligence
, 1st IFAC Intl.Symposium,Pergamon Press, Oxford/New York , pp.1-9.
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Portuguese translation in: Ciencia e Cultura, 40:460-470.
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Guiloff,G., H.Maturana, and F.Varela (1987) The cytoarquitecture of the avian ventral lateral geniculate, J.Comp.Neurol. 264: 509-526
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1988
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Varela, F., (1988). Erkentniss und leben in: Lebende Systeme, F.Simmons (Ed.), Springer Verlag, New York-Heidelberg, pp.34-47, pp.95-108, pp.108-120.
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Varela,F., A.Coutinho, B.Dupire, and N.Vaz (1988) Cognitive networks: Immune, neural, and otherwise in: A.Perelson (Ed.), Theoretical Immunology, Part II , (SFI Series on the Science of Complexity), Addison-Wesley, New Jersey, pp.359-375.
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Varela,F. (1988) Une approache a l'etude de l'autonomie et de la complexité in: E.Schwartz (Ed.),
La Révolution des Systèmes: Une
introduction à l'Approche Systemique,
Editions del Val, Fribourg,
pp.253-269.
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Varela,F., and J.Letelier (1988) Morphic resonance in silicon chips: An experimental test of the hypothesis
of formative causation
Skeptical Inquirer
12:298-300.
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Maldonado,P., H.Maturana, and F.Varela, (1988) Frontal and lateral visual fields in bird's vision
Brain Beh.Evol.
32: 57-63.
64]
Varela,F. (1988) Structural coupling of simple cellular automata: On the origin of meaning in: E.Secarz, F.Celada, N.A.Mitchinson, and T.Tada,
The Semiotics of Cellular Communication in the Immune System, NATO ASI Series, Vol. H23, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 151-161.
- Varela,F. V.Sánchez-Leighton, and A.Coutinho,
(1988), Adaptive startegies gleaned from immune networks: Viability theory
and Classifier systems, in: B.Goodwin and P.Saunders (Eds.),
Theoretical
Biology: Epigenetic and Evolutionary Order (A Waddington Memorial Conference),
Edinburgh University Press, pp.112-123.
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Huetz,F., F.Jacquemart, C.Peña-Rossi, F.Varela,
and A.Coutinho (1988). Auto-immunity: The moving boundaries between physiology and pathology
J.Autoimmunity
1:507-518.
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1989
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Gho,M. and F.Varela (1989) Quantitative assesment of the dependency of the visual perceptual frame
on the cortical alpha rhythm
J.Physiologie (Paris)
83:95-101
- Stewart,J., F.Varela, and A.Coutinho (1989). The relationship between connectivity and tolerance as revealed by computer
simulation of the immune network: some lessons for an understanding of
autoimmunity,
J.Autoimm.
2 (Supplement):15-23
- Stewart,J. and F.Varela, (1989). Exploring the connectivity of the immune network, Immunol.Reviews
Nº110, pp.37-61.
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Varela,F. and A.Cohen (1989). Le corps evocateur: une relecture de l'immunité,
Nouvelle Revue de Psychanalyse Nº40, Automne 1989, pp.193-213.
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Lundqvist,I., A. Coutinho, F.Varela, and D.Holmberg
(1989) Evidence for the functional dynamics in an antibody network
Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci (USA) 86
:5074-5078
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Varela,F. (1989). Über die Natur und die Natur des Erkentniss, in: H.-P.Dürr and W.Zimmerli (Eds.),
Geist und Natur, Scherz Verlag, Munich, pp. 90-110.
-
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also in: M.Peschl (Ed.), Formen des Konstruktivismus in Diskusion, WUV Universitäts Verlag, Wien, pp.88-108.
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Varela,F. and A. Coutinho, (1989). Immune Networks: Getting on to the real thing, Res.Immunol. , 140:837-845
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Luisi,L. and F.Varela (1989) Self-replicating micelles as a chemical version of a minimal autopoietic system , Origins of Life, 19:633-643.
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1990
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Palacios,A. , C. Martinoya and S.Bloch, F.Varela,
(1990) Color mixtures in the pigeon: A psychophysical determination in the longwave spectral range Vision Res. , 30:587-596.
-
Varela, F. (1990). On the conceptual skeleton of cognitive science, in: Beobachter, Wilhem Fink Verlag, München, pp.13-25.
-
Varela, F. (1990). Il corpo come macchina ontologica, in: M.Ceruti and L.Preta (Ed.), Cosa é la conoscenza?, Laterza, Roma pp.43-53.
- Varela,F.and J.Stewart, (1990). Dynamics of a class of immune networks. I. Global stability of idiotype
interactions
J.theoretBiol.
144:93-101
- Stewart,J. and Varela,F (1990). Dynamics of a class of immune networks. II. Oscillations of the humoral
and cellular compartments
J.theoretBiol.
144:103-115
-
Coutinho,A., A.Andersson, A.Sunsblad, I.Lundkvist, D.Holmberg,
M.Arala-Chaves, J.Stewart, and F.Varela (1990). Immune network dynamics in: A.Osterhaus and F.Uytdehaag (Eds.) Idiotype Networks in Biology and Medicine, Elsevier Science Amsterdam-New York, pp. 59-63.
-
Varela,F. and E. Thompson (1990). Color vision: A case study for the foundations of cognitive science
Revue de Synthèse
61:129-138
-
-
French: Le Cerceau Pluriel, G.Thill, B.Feltz, and D.Lambert (Eds.), Editions Ciaco, Brussels, pp.15-26
-
Palacios,A., V.Bonnardel, and F.Varela (1990). L'"autoshaping": méthode psychophysique pour la discrimination
chromaitque chez les oiseaux
Compt.Rend.Acad.Sci.(Paris)
311:213-218
- Varela,F. (1990) Learning principles gleaned from biological networks , in: S. Schmidt (ed.), Gedächtnis: Probleme und Perspektiven der interdisciplinären Forschung, pp.159-169, Suhrkampf, Frankfurt
- Soto-Andrade, J. and F.Varela (1990). On mental rotations and cortical activity patterns: A linear representation is still wanted Biological Cybernetics , 64:221-223.
-
Palacios,A., H.Gionni, and F.Varela (1990). Chromatic discrimination in pigeons after thalamic lesions of nuclei
Rotundis (Rt) and geniculatus lateralis ventralis (GLv): A psychophysical
study
Compte Rendus Acad.Sci (Paris). Ser.III
312:113-116.
-
Varela,F. and V.Sanchez-Leighton (1990). On observing emergent properties and their composition, Brain Beh. Science (Continuing Commentary)
13:401-402
-
Varela, F. (1990). Between Turing and quantum mechanics there is a body to be found
Beh.Brain Sci. (Commentary)
13: 687-688.
|
1991
|
-
Varela, F., (1991). Organism: A meshwork of selfless selves in: Tauber (ed.), Organism and the Origin of Self, Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp.79-107
-
-
also in: Rev.Europ.Sciences Soc., 29:173-198, 1991.
-
F.Varela and Coutinho A. (1991). Second generation immune networks, Immunol Today
12:159-167
-
V.Bonnardel, C.Martinoya, and F.Varela (1991). Measuring the contrast sensitivity to periodic spectral modulations
in man
Compte Rendus Acad.Sci (Paris). Ser.III
312:695-700
-
Varela,F. (1990). Chaos as self-renewal, in: Chaos , T.Teunners (ed.), Erasmus University, Rotterdam, pp. 25-37.
-
Varela,F.,A.Anderssen, G.Dietrich, A.Sundblad, D.Holmberg,
M.Kazatchkine and A. Coutinho (1991) The population dynamics of natural antibodies in normal and autoimmune individuals Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. (USA) , 88: 5917-5921
-
Varela,F. (1991). Brain Time, Cognitive time, in: J.Montangero and A.Tryphon (Eds.), Psychologie Génétique
et Sciences Cognitive,12th Piaget Symposium, Presses University Geneve, pp.195-209.
-
-
also in:
Rev.Int.Psychoppathologie,Nº4, pp.435-450, 1991.
-
also in: J.Ogilvy (Ed.),
Revisioning Philosophy, SUNY Press, New York, 1992, pp.97-111
-
also in: M.Cerutti (ed.),
Evolutzione e Conoscenza: L'epistemologie genetica di Jean Piaget, P.L.Lubrina Editori, Bergamo, 1992, pp.75-89
-
also in: S.Kwinter and J.Cleary (Eds.),
Incorporations, Zone Books, New York, pp.320-340, 1992
- Dupuy,J.P. and F.Varela (1991). Creative circularities: Understanding origins, in: F.Varela and J.P.Dupuy (Eds.) Understanding Origins, Stanford University Intl.Symposium, Boston Studies Phil.Sci., Kluwer, Boston, pp. 1-27.
-
-
German: in P.Watzlavick and P.Krüger,
Das Auge des Betrachters: Festschrift für Heinz von Foerster, Piper Verlag, München, pp.247-276
-
Varela,F. (1991) Whence the origin of perception? A cartography of current ideas in: F.Varela and J.P.Dupuy (Eds.) Understanding Origins: Contemporary Ideas on the Origin of Life, Mind and Society, Boston Studies Phil.Sci., Kluwer, Boston, pp.235-265
-
Varela, F., M.Anspach, and A.Coutinho (1991) Immuknowledge: Learning mechanisms of somatic individuation in: J.Brockman (Ed.),
Doing Science,
Prentice-Hall, New York,
pp.237-257.
-
-
also in: W.I.Thompson (Ed.),
Emergence: The science of becoming, Lindisfarne Press, 1991, pp. 68-86, 185-210.
-
also in: H.Gumbrecht and L.Pfeiffer (Eds.), Materialities of Communication, Stanford University Press, 1994, pp.273-285
-
German: in: K.Kratky, E.Bonet (Ed.), Systemtheorie und Reduktionismus,
Verlag der OSD, 1989, pp.185-202.
-
German: in: P.L.Luisi (ed.),
Treffpunkt Zukunft, Aktuell Verlag, Münchenm, 1991, pp.80-102.
-
also in: K.L.Pfeiffer and H.U.Gumbrecht (eds.), Paradoxien, Dissonanzen, Zusammenbrüche, Suhrkampf Verlag, Frankfurt, 1991, pp.727-746.
-
French: in: D.Andler (Ed.), Introduction aux Sciences Cognitives, , Gallimard, Paris, 1992, pp.489-509.
-
Bersini, H. and F.Varela (1991). Hints for adaptive problem solving gleaned from immune networks in: H.-P.Scwefel and R.Männer (Eds.),
Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Nº496, Springer Verlag, Berling, pp.343-354.
-
Bersini, H. and F.Varela (1991). The Immune recruitment mechanism: A selective evolutionary strategy in: R.K.Belew and L.S.Booker (Eds.),
Genetic Algorthims, Proc.XIVth Int.Conference, Morgan Kauffman Publishers, San Mateo Ca., pp.520-526.
-
Bonnardel, V. and F.Varela (1991). A frequency view of color vision: Measuring the human sensitivity to square-wave spectral power distributions, Proc.Roy.Soc.Lond. B.
245:165-171
-
Varela,F. (1991). Structure and cognition in living systems in: A.Shibatani, N.Hokkyo, and Y.Sato (eds.), Structuralism and Biology, Yosioka Shoton, Kyoto, pp.266-274.
-
Gionnai,H. Palacios,A., and F.Varela (1991). Role of the nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis (GLv) in the optokinetic
reflex: a lesion study in the pigeon, Exp.Brain Res.
86:601-607
-
Stewart, J. and F.Varela (1991). Morphogenesis in shape space: Elementary meta-dynamics of immune networks
J.Theoret.Biol.
153:477-498
|
1992
|
-
Thompson,E., A.Palacios and F.Varela (1992). Ways of coloring: Comparative color vision as a case study in cognitive
science
Beh.Brain Scien.
15:1-45
-
Thompson,E., A.Palacios and F.Varela (1992). On the ways to color: Reply to comments to the above
Beh.Brain Scien.
15: 60-75
- Bourgine,P. and F.Varela (1992). Towards a practice of autonomy in: P. Bourgine and F. Varela (Eds.)
Toward a Practice of Autonomous
Systems ,
MIT press/Bradford Books, Cambridge, 1992, pp.ix-xviii.
-
Varela, F. (1992). Penser l'IA: le point de vue d'un biologiste, in: P.Chambat and P.Levy (Eds.), Les Nouveaux Outils du Savoir, Editions Descartes, Paris, 1992, pp. 87-104.
-
Palacios, A. and F.Varela, (1992). Color mixing in the pigeon. II. A psychophysical determination in the
middle and short, and near-UV spectral range
Vis.Research
32:1947-1953
-
Varela, F. (1992). Das zweite Gehirn unseres Körpers, in: H.R.Fisher, A.Retzer, und J.Schweiter (Eds.), Das Ende der Grossen
Entwürfe , Suhrkamp, Frankfort, pp. 109-117.
|
1993
|
-
W.Stein and F.Varela (1993). Thinking about biology: An introductory essay, in: W.Stein and F.Varela (Eds.), Thinking About Biology: An introduction to
Theoretical Biology , SFI Series on Complexity, Addision-Wesley, NJ, pp.1-11.
-
Varela,F., A.Coutinho, and J.Stewart (1993). What is the immune network for?, in: W.Stein and F.Varela (Eds.), Thinking About Biology: An introduction to Theoretical Biology, SFI Series on Complexity, Addision-Wesley, NJ, pp. 213-228.
-
Varela, F. (1993). "Le cerveau et la pensée", in:
Georges Canguilhem: Philosophe et historien des sciences, Aubier, Paris, pp. 279-286
-
Varela,F. (1993). When is a map cognitive?, in: E.Lazslo and I.Masulli (Eds.) (ed.), The Evolution of Cognitive Maps, Gordon & Breach, London, pp. 99-104.
-
Neuenschwander, S. and F.Varela (1993). Visually triggered neuronal oscillations in birds: an autocorrelation
study of tectal activity
Europ.J.Neuroscien.
5:870-881
-
-
Also in: K.Pribram (Ed.), Origins: Brain and Self-Organization, LEA,
Hillsdale, N.J., pp. 495-535.
- Varela, F. (1993). Le Tout, plus que la somme des parties (Editorial)
Sciences et Vie: Les secrets du vivant
, Nº184, Sept. 1993,
p.1
-
Calenbuhr,V., Bersini.H., F.Varela, and J.Stewart
(1993). The impact of the structure of the connectivity matrix on the dynamics
of a simple model for the immune network, in: E.Mosekilde (Ed.), Computer Simulation in Biology, Ecology and Medicine, Sooc.Computer Simulation, New York, pp. 31-45.
-
Neuenschwander,S., Martiniere, J. Renault, B. and , Varela,
F. (1993). A dynamical analysis of oscillatory responses in the optic tectum, Cognitive Brain Res, 1:175-181.
-
Varela,F., A.Palacios and T.Goldsmith (1993). Color vision of Birds
in: H.J.Bischoff (Ed.),
Bird Vision and Cognition
, MIT Press,
Cambridge, pp.77-99.
-
Dietrich, G., Varela, F. and Kazatchkhine,M. (1993). Manipulating the human immune network with IgG, Europ.J.Immunol.
23:2945-2950
|
1994
|
-
Vuong,P., J.Stewart, A.Coutinho and F.Varela, (1994). The shadow of a doubt: The etchis of AIDS vaccination programs
Etique Nº10,
pp.28-38
- Varela,F. (1994). Le bonheur comme savoir-faire R.P.Droit (ed.),
Oú est le bonheur?,
Editions le Monde,
Paris, pp.306-327
- Varela,F. (1994). A cognitive view of the immune system, World Futures
42:31-40
-
Varela, F. (1994). Sciences cognitives et psychanalyse: Questiones ouvertes, in: I.Billard (Ed.), Somatisation: Psychanalyse et Sciences du vivant,Editions Eschel, Paris, 1994.
-
-
also in: J.Psychanal.Enfant, 14:313-326, 1993.
-
Varela, F. (1994) On defining life in:
G. Fleischaker and M. Colonna (ed.),
Self-reproduction of
Supramolecular Structures,, NATO ASI Series, Plenum Press, 1994, pp.23-33.
-
Bersini, H. and Varela, F. (1994). Learning and the Immune network: Reinforcement, recruitment and their
applications in: G.Patton (Ed.),
Biologically Inspired Computation
, Chapman
and Hill, London, pp.166-192.
- Stewart,J. and F.Varela (1994). Cognition without neurons: Adaptation, learning and memory in the immune
system in: E.Benabou (Ed.),
Intelligence Collective
, Hermes, Paris,
pp.
-
V.Detours, H.Bersini, J.Stewart and F. Varela (1994). Development of idiotypic network in shape space, J.theoret.Biol. 170
:401-414.
|
1995
|
-
Varela, F. (1995). The re-enchantment of the concrete in: L.Steels and R.Brooks (Eds.),
The Artificial Life route to Artificial
Intelligence: Building Embodied, Situated Agents
, Lawrence Erlbaum
Assoc., New Haven, pp.11-20.
- Varela, F. (1995). Resonant Cell Assemblies: A new approach to cognitive functions and
neuronal synchrony, Biol.Research
28:81-95.
-
Deffuant, T.Fuchs, E.Monneret, , P.Bourgine, and F.Varela
(1996). Semi-algebraic organisms: the morphodynamical network perspective, Artificial Life
2:157-179
-
Calenbuhr, V., H.Bersini, J.Stewart, and F.Varela
(1995). Natural tolerance in a small immune network
J.theoret.Biol.
177:199-213
|
1996
|
-
Neuenschwander, S., A.Engel, P.König, W.Singer and
F.Varela (1996). Synchronization of neuronal responses in the optic tectum of awake pigeons, Visual Neurosci,
13: 575-584.
- Varela, F. (1996). Approches de l'intentionalité: de l'individu aux groupes sociaux in: J.Mallet (Ed.),
L'Organisation Apprenant: L'Action productrice
du sens
Université de Provence, Aix-en-Provence, pp.33-45.
- Müller,J., Neuenschwander, S., Pezard,L. Renault,B.,
Martinerie, J., and Varela, F. (1996). Detecting non-linearities in neuro-electrical signals of synchronous
local field potentials
Physica D
94: 65-91.
-
Pezard,L., J.-L.Nandrino, B.Renault, F.El-Massioui, J.-F.Allilaire,
J.Müller, F.J.Varela, and J.Martinerie (1996). Depression as a dynamical disease
Biological Psychiatry
39:991-999
-
Pezard,L. Martinerie, J., Müller,J. Varela,
F. and B.Renault, Multichannel measures of average and localized entropy
Physica D , 96:344-354 (1996).
-
Varela, F. (1996). Neurophenomenology:
A Methodological remedy to the hard problem,, J.Consc.Studies
3:330-350.
-
-
also in: J.Shear (Ed.),
Explaining Consciousness: The Hard Problem of Consciousness, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1997, pp. 337-358.
-
also in: Pluriverso
(Milan), 3:16-40 (1997) (italian).
-
Varela, F. (1996). The early days of autopoiesis: Heinz and Chile, Systems Research
13:407-417.
-
Luisi,L. Lazcano,A. and Varela,F. (1996). Autopoiesis: the very idea, in: Defining Life: The central problem in theoretical biology, M.Rizzotti (Ed.), Universitá de Padova, Padova, pp.146-167.
-
M.Le Van Quyen, H.Schuster, and F.Varela (1996). Fast rhythms from slow neuronal oscillators, Int.J.Bifurcation Chaos,
6: 1807-1816.
- V. Calenbuhr, F.J. Varela and H. Bersini (1996). Natural tolerance as a function of network connectivity, Int.J.Bifurcation Chaos,
6: 1691-1702
|
1997
|
-
J.P.Lachaux, L.Pezard, Ch.Pelt, L.Garneiro, B.Renault,
F.Varela and J.Martinerie (1997). Spatial extension of brain activity fools the single-channel reconstruction of EEG dynamics Human Brain Mapping 5:26-47.
-
Le Van Quyen, M., J.Martinerie, C. Adam, J-Ph.Lachaux,
M.Baulac, B.Renault, and F.Varela (1997). Temporal patterns in human epileptic activity are modulated by perceptual
discriminations
Neuroreport
8: 1703-1710.
- Pezard,L., Lachaud, J-P, J.-L.Nandrino, C.Adam, L.Garnero,
B.Renault, F.J.Varela, and J.Martinerie (1997). Local and global entropy quantification in neuronal systems
J.Technical Physics
38:319-322
-
Varela, F.J. (1997). The Body's Self, in: D.Goleman (Ed.), Health and Emotions, Shambhala, Boston, pp. 49-67.
-
Varela, F. (1997). Patterns of Life: Intertwining identity and cognition, Brain Cognition , 34:72-87.
-
Varela, F. (1997). Quíest-ce que la vie artificielle?, Pour la Science
, No.240, Octobre, pp.10-12.
-
McMullin, B. and F.J.Varela (1997). Rediscovering computational autopoeisis, in: P.Husbands and I.Harvey (Eds.), Fourth European Confrence on Artificial Life, MIT Press/ Bradford Books, Cambridge, MA., pp. 38-48.
-
Varela, F. (1997). A science of consciousness as if experience mattered, in: S.Hameroff, A.Kazniak, and A.Scott (Eds.),
Towards the Science of Consciousness: The Second Tucson Discussions and Debates, MIT Press, pp. 31-44.
-
Le Van Quyen, M., J.Martinerie, C. Adam, H.Schuster, and
F.Varela (1997). Unstable periodic orbits in human epileptic acivity, Physica E
56: 3401-3411.
- Varela, F. (1997). The Naturalization of Phenomenology as the Transcendence of Nature:
Searching for generative mutual constraints
Alter : Revue de Phénoménologie Nº 5:
pp. 355-385. (Paris)
-
Varela, F. (1997). Metaphor to mechanism: Natural to disciplined, J.Consc.Studies, 4:344-346.
|
1998
|
-
Varela, F. (1998). The neurodynamics of retention, in: J.L.Petit (Ed.), Les Neurosciences et la Philosophie de l'Action,J. Vrin, Paris, pp.231-243.
- Varela, F. (1998). Construction du réel et affect: expérience du sujet, performances
et narrations In: E.Goldbeter-Merinfeld (Ed.),
Constructivisme et constructionisme
social,
De Boeack Université, Brussels, pp.277-282.
- Palacios, A., F.J.Varela, R. Srivastava, and T.Goldsmith
(1998). Spectral sensitivity of cones of
Carassius auratus
Vision Res.
38:2135-2146.
-
M. LeVan Quyen, C. Adam, M. Baulac, J. Martinerie and F.
J. Varela, (1998). Non-linear Interdependences of EEG Signals during intracranial ictal
activities
Brain Research
792:24-40
-
J.Martinerie, C.Adam, M.Le van Quyen, M.Baulac, B.Renault
and F. J. Varela (1998). Epileptic crisis can be anticipated by non-linear analysis, Nature Medicine
4:1173-1176
-
L.Pezard, J.Martinerie, F.J.Varela, F.Bouchet,
D.Guez, Ch.Derousné and B.Renault (1998). Entropy maps characterize drug effects on brain dynamics in Alzheimer's
disease
Neuroscience Lett.
253:5-8.
|
1999
|
-
F.J.Varela and J.Shear (1999). First-person methodologies: why, when and how, J.Consc.Studies
6(2-3):1-14 1999.
-
F.J.Varela (1999). Present-time consciousness, J.Consc.Studies
6(2-3):111-140.
-
E.Rodriguez, N.George,
J.P. Lachaux, J.Martinerie,
B.Renault and F.Varela (1999). Perception's shadow:Long-distance synchronization in the human brain
Nature
397:340-343.
-
F.Varela and P.Vermersch (1999). Fully embodying the personal level, Beh.Brain Sci.
(
Commentary
) 21:777-778
- Le van Quyen, M., Martinerie. J., Adam, C., Varela
F. (1999). Nonlinear spatio-temporal interdependences of interictal intracranial
EEG recordings from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: Localizing epileptogenic foci, Physica D
127:250-266
-
Varela, F. (1999). The specious
present: The neurophenomenology of time consciousness in: J.Petitot, F.J. Varela, B.Pachoud and J.M.Roy (Eds.), Naturalizing Phenomenology, Stanford University Press, pp. 266-314.
-
-
Condensed version: Present-time consciousness, J.Consc. Studies
6 (2-3):111-140, (1999).
-
Varela, F. (1999). Steps to a science of Interbeing: Unfolding the Dharma implicit in modern Cognitive Science In: S.Bachelor, G.Claxton and G.Watson (eds.), The Psychology of Awakening: Buddhism, Science and Our Day to Day Lives, Rider/Random House, pp.71-89.
-
-
Revised version in:
Envisioning Knowledge
, B.Wiens (Ed.), Dumont,
Cologne, 1999.
-
French translation:
Theorie, Littérature, Enseignement, No.17, pp.7-21, 1999.
-
Italian translation: Argonauti de la Noosphera, Centro Piu Manzu (in press).
-
Varela, F. (1999). Introduction: Why dynamics? Because it tackles real issues In: W.Tscahcher and J.P.Dauwalder (Eds.),
Dynamics, Synergetics Autonomous
Agents
, World Scientific, Singapore, pp.xiii-xiv.
-
F.Varela (1999). A dimly perceived horizon: The complex meeting ground between lived
and physical time
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sciences
879:143-154.
-
M.Le van Quyen, J.Martinerie, M.Baulac, and F.Varela
(1999). Anticipation of epileptic seizures in real time by a nonlinear similarity
measure in human intracortical recordings, Neuroreport
10:2149-2155
-
F.Varela (1999). Dasein's Brain: Phenomenology meets Cognitive Science in: D.Aerts (Ed.),
Einstein Meets Magritte: The White Book, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 185-197.
-
F.Varela (1999). "Cognition et Sciences cognitives", in: D.Lecourt (Ed.), Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences, Presses Universitaires de France, pp.185-191.
-
C.Adam , M.Le van Quyen, J.Martinerie, S.Clemenceau, M.Baulac,
B. Renault and F.Varela (1999). Interactions entre réseau épileptique et fonctionnement
cérébral: approche par analyse non-lineaire de l'EEG intracrânien Revue Neurologique , 155:489-494.
-
J.P. Lachaux, E.Rodriguez, J.Martinerie and F.Varela
(1999). Measuring phase-synchrony in brain signals Human Brain Map. , 8: 194-208.
-
J.M.Roy, J.Petitot, B.Pachoud and , F.J. Varela,
(1999). Beyond the gap. An introduction to naturalizing phenomenology in: J.Petitot, F.J. Varela, B.Pachoud and J.M.Roy (Eds.),
Naturalizing
Phenomenology
, Stanford University Press, pp.1-83.
-
Thompson, E. and F.Varela (1999). Autopoiesis and Lifelines: The importance of origins, Beh.Brain Sciences
22:909-910.
-
M.Le van Quyen J.Martinerie and F.Varela (1999). Spatio-temporal dynamics of epileptopgenic networks
In: Peter Grassberger and Klaus Lehnertz (Eds.), Chaos in the Brain?
, pp. 86-96, World Scientific, 1999.
-
M. Baulac, M.Le van Quyen J.Martinerie, S.Cleme,ceau, C.Adam and F.Varela (1999). Pre-ictal changes of the EGG dynamics in epileptic patients: clinical and neurobiological implications
In: Peter Grassberger and Klaus Lehnertz (Eds.), Chaos in the Brain?
, pp.77-86, World Scientific, 1999.
|
2000
|
-
Varela, F. (2000). Synchronisation neuronal et fonctions cognitives, In: B.Feltz, M. Crommelinck, and Ph.Goujon (Eds.)
, Auto-organisation et Emergence dans les sciences de la vie, Ousia, Bruxelles, pp.310-330.
-
M.Le van Quyen, J.Martinerie, C.Adam , S.Clemenceau, M.Baulac, and F.Varela(2000). Non-linear analysis of long-term EEG spatio-temporal dynamics in human tempoal lobe epilepsy, Europ.J.Neuroscien..
-
J.P. Lachaux, E.Rodriguez, J.Martinerie, C.Adam, D.Hasboun and F.Varela (2000). Gamma-band activity in human intracortical recordings triggered by cognitive tasks, Europ.J.Neuroscience, 12:1-15.
-
F.Varela and N.Depraz, At the source of time: Valance and the constitutional dynamics of affect, in : Ipseity and Alterity, Arob@se: An electronic journal, http://www.liane.net/arobase
|
PAPERS IN PRESS
(as of July 2000)
|
|
-
F.J.Varela (1999). Pour une phénoménologie de la
sunyata. I. in: N.Depraz and J.F.Marquet (Eds.), Gnosis, Metaphysique, Phénoménologie, Eds. du Cerf, Paris.
-
Varela, F., (2000). Why the proper study of mind implies the transcendence of nature in J.Andresen (Ed.),
Religion in Mind: Cognitive Science and Religious Experience, Cambridge University Press, 1999.
-
N.Depraz, F.Varela and P.Vermersch (1999). The gesture of awareness: An acount of its structural dynamics in: M.Velmans (Ed.),
Investigating Phenomenal Consciousness,Benjamin Publishers, Amsterdam.
-
-
Also in: R.Kühn und Michael Staudigl (Hg.), Epoché und Reduktion, Karl Alber Verlag.
-
Also in: Etudes Philosophiques
-
M.Le van Quyen J.Martinerie and F.Varela (1999). Spatio-temporal dynamics of epileptopgenic networks In: Peter Grassberger and Klaus Lehnertz (Eds.),
Chaos in the Brain?,
World Scientific, 1999.
-
F. Varela (1999). La réduction phénoménologique a l'épreuve
de l'expérience: Réponse a F.-D. Sebbah dans: M.J. Durand-Richard (Ed.), Des lois de la pensée au constructivisme ,Editions EHSS, Paris.
-
Lachaux, JP, Rodriguez, E., M.Le Van Quyen, A Lutz, J.Martinerie
and F.Varela Studying single-trials of phase-synchronous activity in the brain
Int.J.Bifuct.Chaos
- M.Le van Quyen, J.Martinerie, C.Adam , S.Clemenceau, M.Baulac,
and F.Varela
Non-linear analysis of long-term EEG spatio-temporal dynamics in human
tempoal lobe epilepsy
Europ.J.Neuroscien.
-
F.J.Varela (2000). Pour une phenomenologie de la sunyata. I., in: N.Depraz and J.F.Marquet (Eds.), Gnosis, Metaphysique, Phenomenologie, , Eds. du Cerf, Paris.
-
Varela, F., (2000). Why the proper study of mind implies the transcendence of nature,in J.Andresen (Ed.), Religion in Mind: Cognitive Science and Religious Experience, Cambridge University Press.
-
N.Depraz, F.Varela and P.Vermersch (2000). The gesture of awareness: An acount of its structural dynamics in: M.Velmans (Ed.), Investigating Phenomenal Consciousness, Benjamin Publishers, Amsterdam.
-
-
Also in: R.Kühn und Michael Staudigl (Hg.), Epoché und Reduktion, Karl Alber Verlag
-
Also in: Etudes Philosophiques
-
F. Varela (2000). La rÈduction phÈnomÈnologique a l'Èpreuve de l'expérience: Réponse a F.-D. Sebbah, dans: M.J. Durand-Richard (Ed.), Des lois de la pensÈe au constructivisme, Editions EHSS, Paris.
-
Lachaux, JP, Rodriguez, E., M.Le Van Quyen, A Lutz, J.Martinerie and F.Varela (2000). Studying single-trials of phase-synchronous activity in the brain, , Int.J.Bifuct.Chaos.
-
Varela, F..Imagining: Embodiment, phenomenology, transformation.
In: A. Wallace (Ed.), Breaking New Ground: Essays on Buddhism and Modern Science.
-
Varela, F. (2000),Upwards and downwards causation in the brain: Case studies on the emergence and efficacy of consciousness,
In: K.Yasue and M.Jibu (eds.), Towards a Science of Consciousness Tokyo '99, Benjamin Publishers, Amsterdam, 2000.
|
PAPERS SUBMITTED FOR PUBLICATION
(as of July 2000)
|
|
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J.P. Lachaux, E.Rodriguez, J.Martinerie, C.Adam, D.Hasboun
and F.Varela, Gamma-band activity in human intracortical recordings triggered by cognitive
tasks, Europ.J.Neuroscience
-
F.Varela and N.Depraz At the source of time: Valance and the constitutional dynamics of affect in : Ipseity and Alterity,
Arob@se: An electronic journal, http://www.liane.net/arobase
-
E.Rodriguez, B. Jamel, J.P.Lachaux, A.Lutz, J.Martinerie,
B.Renault and F.Varela, "She's got Bette Davis eyes": Multi-band brain synchrony during a complex visual task, Nature Neuroscien.
-
M. Le van Quyen, J.Martinerie, V.Navarro, P.Boon, M.DíHiv,
F. Varela, and M.Baulac Non-invasive anticipation of epileptic seizures
The Lancet
-
Boidron, A., J.Martinerie and F.Varela Attentional shifts as a modulator of gamma activity: A study using long-lasting
stimuli, J.Cog.Neurosci.
-
Thompson, E. and F. Varela What are neural Correlates of Consciousness? A Neurophenomenological
perspective
Mind and Body
-
Weber, A. and F.Varela,
Life after Kant: Natural puposes and the autopoietic foundation of individuality, Phylosophy & Biology.
-
E.Rodriguez, B. Jamel, J.P.Lachaux, A.Lutz, J.Martinerie, B.Renault and F.Varela, Multi-band brain synchrony during a complex visual task.
-
M. Le van Quyen, J.Martinerie, V.Navarro, P.Boon, M.D'Hiv, F. Varela, and M.Baulac, Anticipation of epileptic seizures from standard surface EEG.
-
Boidron, A., J.Martinerie and F.Varela, Attentional shifts as a modulator of gamma activity: A study using long-lasting stimuli.
-
F. Varela and Thompson, E., What are neural Correlates of Consciousness? A Neurophenomenological perspective.
-
Weber, A. and F.Varela, Life after Kant: Natural puposes and the autopoietic foundation of individuality
-
Cohen, A. and F. Varela, Facing up to the embarrasement: psychoanalysis and cognitive neuroscience , Actes Etats GÈneraux de la Psychoanalyse
, Paris July 2000, http://members.aol.com/call97
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BOOKS (Authored)
|
|
|
-
Varela, F.
Los Ojos de los Insectos, Editorial Alhambra, Madrid, 118 pp., 1974.
-
H.Maturana and F.Varela
Autopoiesis and Cognition: The realization of the living D.Reidel, Boston, 1980, 141 pp+xxv.
-
-
Spanish:
De Máquinas y Seres Vivos: Una
teoría sobre la organización biológica, Editorial Universitaria, Santiago, 1973, 121 pp. New revised edition with a Preface, 1995.
- Italian:
Autopoiese e Cognizione
:La realizazione del vivente, Marsilio Editori, Venezia, 1985, 204 pp.
- German in: H.Maturana, Erkennen: Die Organisation und Verkörperung von Wirklichkeit,
-
Ausgewählte Arbeiten zur biologischen Epistemologie, Vieweg, Wiesbaden, 1982., pp.170-234.
- Japanese: Kokubun-Sha Publishers, Tokyo, 1991.
- Portuguese: De Maquinas e Seres Vivos,, Intermedica, Sao Paulo, 1997
-
Varela, F.
Principles of Biological Autonomy Elsevier/North-Holland, New York, 1979, 306 pp.
-
- French:
Autonomie et Connaissance: Essai sur le Vivant, Eds. du Seuil, Paris, 1988.
-
H.Maturana and F.Varela The Tree of Knowledge: A new look at the
biological roots of human understanding, Shambhala/New Science Library, Boston, 1987.
-
- Spanish : El Arbol del Conocimiento:
Las bases biológicas del entendimiento humano,, Editorial Universitaria, Santiago, 1985; Editorial Debate, Madrid, 1988.
-
German :
Der Baum der Erkenntnis, Scherz Verlag, München. 1987 ; paperback edition, Goldman Verlag, 1990.
-
Italian : L'Arbero della Conoscenza, Garzanti Editori, Milano,, 1987
-
Japanese : Asahi Press, Tokyo , 1987; Chikuma Shobo, Tokyo, 1997.
-
Danish :
Kinskaben Trae, Forgest Ask, Copenhaguen, 1988
-
Dutch :
De Boom der Kennis, Uitgeverij Contact, Amsterdam,1989.
-
Greek :
To Lentro tes Gnoshs, Katoptro, Athens, 1992.
- French:
L'Arbre de la Connaissance, Addison-Wesley, France, Paris, 1994.
- Portuguese : A Arbore do Conhecimiento, Editorial Psy, Sao Paulo, Brasil, 1995.
- Slovenian : Drevo Spoznanja , Studia Humanitatis, Ljubljana, 1998.
- Vietnamese : 1999
- Russian: Progress-Tradition, Moscow, 2000.
-
F.Varela,
Connaître:Les Sciences Cognitives , tendences et perspectivess
Editions du Seuil, Paris, 1988.
Deuxième edition:
Invitation aux Sciences Cognitives,
Seuil, Points Sciences, 1996.
-
- Italian:
Scienze e Tecnologia della Cognizioni, Hopeful Monster, Florence , 1987.
- Spanish :
Conocer: Las Ciencias Cognitivas,
Grijalbo, Barcelona, 1990.
- German :
Kognitionwissenschaften-Kognitiontechnik,
Surkampf, Frankfurt, 1990.
- Portuguese:
Conhecer, Instituto Piaget, Lisbon.
-
F.Varela E.Thompson and E.Rosch,
The Embodied Mind: Cognitive science and human experience, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1991.
-
- German:
Der Mittlere Weg der Erkenntnis, Scherz,
Munich, 1992
- Italian:
La via del mezzo de la conoscenza Feltrinelli,
Milano, 1993.
- French:
L'Inscription Corporelle de l'Esprit,
Seuil, Paris, 1993.
- Spanish:
De Cuerpo Presente: Las ciencias cognitivas
y la experiencia humana , Gedisa, Barcelona, 1992.
- Portuguese: Editora Piaget, Lisbon (in press).
- Brazil: Editorial Artes Medicas, Sao Paulo (in press).
- Japonese: Koishaku, Tokyo (in presss).
- Korean: Hyunwoo Publishing Co., Seoul (in press).
- Chinese: Shy Mau Publishing Co., Taiwan (in press).
-
F.Varela,
Un Know-how per l'ettica, The Italian Lectures 3, Editrice La Terza, Roma, 1992.
-
- German:
Ethisches Können, Campus
Verlag, Frankfurt, 1994.
- Portuguese:
Sobre a Competencia Etica,
Ediçòes 70, Lisboa, 1996.
- French:
Quel savoir pour l'étique? Action,
sagesse et cognition, Editions La Découverte, Paris, 1996.
-
Spanish:
Etica y Acción , Editorial Dolmen, Santiago,
Chile, 1996.
-
English:
Ethical Know-How, Stanford University Press, 1999.
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BOOKS (Forthcoming as of July 2000)
|
|
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E.Thompson and F.Varela
Lived Body: Why the Mind is not in the Head, Harvard University Press
-
N.Depraz, F.Varela and P.Vermersch,
On Becoming Aware: Steps to a Phenomenological Pragmatics, Benjamin Publishing, Advances in Consciousness Research, New York
-
F.Varela,
Laying down a Path in Walking : Cognition from an enactive viewpoint
(selected papers in preparation)
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BOOKS (Edited)
|
|
|
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Varela,F. (Ed.).
Comparative Neurobiology of Vision in Vertebrates
,
Proceedings of the International Symposium, Punta de Tralca, Chile,
November 1982
Biological Reasearch
(ex
Arch. Biol.Med.Exp.
) Vol.16,
Nº2/3, 1983, 145 pp.
-
Varela,F. and J.P.Dupuy (Eds.).
Understanding Origin: Scientific Ideas on the Origin of Life,
Mind, and Society (A Stanford University Interational Symposium) Boston Studies Phil.Sci, Kluwer Assoc., Dordrecht, 1992
-
F. Varela and P. Bourgine and (Eds.).
Towards a Practice of Autonomous Systems: The First European Conference
on Artificial Life,
MIT Press/Bradford Books, Cambridge, MA. 1992
-
Hayward and F.Varela (Eds.).
Gentle Bridges: Dialogues between the Cognitive Sciences and the
Buddhist Tradition,
Shambhala Publishers, Boston, 1992
- French:
Passarelles, Albin Michel, 1995
- German:
Gewagte Denkwege, Piper Verlag,
1996
- ° Spanish:
Un
Puente para Dos
Miradas, Dolmen, Santiago de Chile, 1997
- Italian:
Ponti Sottili, Neri Pozzi Editori,
Vincenza, 1998
- Japanese: Seidosha,Tokyo
- Chinese: Cung Sheng Publishing House, Taiwan
-
Stein and Varela,F. (Eds.).
Thinking About Biology: An introduction to Theoretical Biology SFI Series on Complexity, Addision-Wesley, NJ, 1993
-
F.Varela (Ed.).
Sleeping, Dreaming and Dying: Dialogues between the Sciences and
the Buddhist Tradition,, Wisdom Book, Boston, 1997
-
- French:
Dormir, Rêver, Mourir
, NIL
Editions, Paris, 1998
- German:
Traum, Schlaf und Tod, Diederichs,
München, 1999
- Spanish:
Dormir, Soñar, Morir,
Dolmen Ediciones, Santiago de Chile, 1999
-
F. Varela and J.Shear (Eds.).
The View from Within: First-Person Methodologies in the Study
of Consciousness
Special Issue,
Journal of Consciousness Studies
, 6(2-3),
1999 also available as book: Imprint Academic, London, 1999
http://www.imprint.co.uk/books/
-
J.Petitot , F.Varela, B.Pachoud and J.M.Roy (Eds.).
Naturalizing Phenomenology: Contemporary Issues in Phenomenology
and Cognitive Science
Stanford University Press, Stanford, 1999
http://www.scico.u-bordeaux2.fr/episteme/bbooka/
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Abstracts
|
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-
Moran,D. and F.Varela (1970), Microtubules and sensory transduction,
J. Cell Biol.
27:145a.
-
Moran,D., J.Rowley, and F.Varela (1975), Are sensory cilia motile?.J.Cell Biol., 67:293a.
-
Moran,D. and F.Varela (1976), Evolutionary patterns in sensory
cilia,
J.Cell Biol. 70
:351a.
-
Zill,S., F.Varela, and D.Moran (1977), Modulation of locomotory
activity by campaniform sensilla,
Neuroscien. Abst.
3:391.
-
Varela,F. (1977), Circulus fructuosus, in:
Proc.XXXIst Annual
Meeting, Soc.Gen.Systems Res.
, Denver, CO. pp.116-118.
-
Glanville,R. and F.Varela (1980), The inside is out,
Proc.III
World Congress of Cybernetics
, Acapulco, Mexico, pp.322-324.
-
Varela,F. (1983), La adaptación como un invariante,
Arch. Biol. Med.Exp.
16:345-347a.
-
Budnik,V. y F.Varela (1983), La inducción cromática
como fenómeno universal,
Arch.Biol.Med.Exp.
16:567a.
-
Dupuy,J-P and F.Varela (1984), Le conflict autorganisation/ intelligence
artificielle,
Proc. IX Congrés AFCET
, Paris .
-
Varela,F. (1987), Cognition without representations, Proc.Osaka
1986 Workshop,
Biology Forum
80:241-242.
-
Palacios,A. and F.Varela (1988), Color mixture in the pigeon,
Annual Meeting Physiol.Society,
J.Physiol.
23P
-
Luisi,L. and F.Varela (1988), Micellar growth as a model for
self-replication and chemical autopoiesis,
IV Intl.Kyoto Conf. New Aspects
of Organic Chemistry
-
Varela,F. and A.Palacios (1988), Dimensionality of the pigeon's
chromatic space,
European Neuroscien.Assoc. Annual Meeting
, Zürich.
-
Bonnardel,V. and F.Varela (1989), Response of the human color
vision system to sinusoidal power distributions,
Neuroscience Abstracts
(USA)
. 15(1):625.
-
Neunschwander,S. and F.Varela (1990), Stimulus triggered oscillations
in the avian tectum,
Neuroscience Abstracts
(USA) 16:(1)
109.
-
Bonnardel,V. and F.Varela, (1991) Chromaticity loci of sensitivity thresholds
of a deuteranope observer to regular spectral power distributions,
ECVP
91
-
Neuenschwander,S. and F.Varela (1992), Synchronization of oscillatory
responses in the avian optic tectum,
Neuroscience Abstracts
(USA)
18:(1) 213.
-
V. Bonnardel and F. Varela, (1992): Elliptical representation
of chromaticity of sensitivity thresholds to regular spectral power distributions,
15th
ECVP
, Pise, 1992
-
Pezard,L. J.Martinerie, J-L Nadrino, J.Müller,F.Varela, and B.Renault
(1995), Non-linear forecasting measurements of brain electrical map dynamics,
Human Brain Mapp,.Suppl.
1:93.
-
F.Varela, J.Martinerie, J.Müller,Pezard,L., C.Adam and B.Renault
(1995), Frequency coherence in multi-site cranial recordings in humans
during cognitive tasks,
Human Brain Mapp, Suppl.
1:207.
-
Pezard,L., J.-Ph.Lachaux, J-L Nadrino,.C.Adam, L.Garnero, B.Renault,
F.Varela, and J.Martinerie, (1995), Local and global entropy quantification
in neuronal systems, Proceddings of the NDCCS'95 Conference,
Acta Physica
Polonica
-
Adam, C., J. Martinerie, M. Le Van Quyen, B.Renault, M. Baulac and F.
Varela.(1977), Anticipation of Seizure Onset with Non-linear Analysis of
Intracerebral EEG.
Epilepsia
38: 217, Supplement 3.
-
M.Le van Quyen, J.Martinerie, and F.Varela (1998), Clinical applications
for neural noise?,
Science
Letters 279:1287-88.
|
Reviews
|
|
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Varela,F. (1972), A review of J.Piaget's
Biologie et Connaissance,
Orbita
(Chile) 3:27-39.
-
Varela,F. (1975), A review of S.Beer's
Platform for Change
,
Int.J.Gen.Syst.
2:121-122.
-
Varela,F. (1979), A review of J.L.LeMoigne's
Theorie du Systeme
Int.J.Gen.Syst.
5:76-78.
-
Varela,F. (1982), Evolución de la evolución: Una
crítica de
Le Jeu des Possibles
por F.Jacob,
Arch.Biol.Med.Exp.
15:9-10.
-
Varela,F. (1986), A review of
Complex Systems-Operational
Approaches
by H.Haken (Ed.),
Physics Today
40:74-76.
-
Varela, F. (1993§), A review of D.Dennett's
Consciousness Explained, Am.J.Psychol. , 106:126-129
|
Extension Articles
|
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Maturana,H. y F.Varela (1982), Como conocer el conocer,
Creces
(Chile), 3:29-34.
-
Varela,F. (1983), La biología de la libertad,
Mutantia
(Argentina), Nº15, Abril, pp.29-34.
-
Varela,F. (1983), Darwin, cien años después,
Mensaje
(Chile), Septiembre 1983, Nº322, pp.510-515.
-
Varela,F. (1984), La frontera circular: Las bases biológicas
del conocer,
Hombre y Universo: Revista Universitaria de la University Católica
, Santiago, Marzo, pp.24-29.
-
Varela,F. (1984), Biologie der Vernunft,
Steirische Berichte
,
Nº6.
-
Varela,F. (1985), El trabajo de red,
Mutantia
, Nº15,
pp.14-15.
-
Thompson,W. and F.Varela (1987), Transparency: A trialogue with
Nishitani-sensei,
Annals of the Earth
Winter Issue
-
Varela, F. (1989), La rete immunitaria,
Sfera 9 (Roma)
,
pp. 34-36.
-
Varela, F. (1990), Autonomie biologique et connaissance, in:
Nature de la Pensée
, Biblioteque Munip. de Lyon.
-
Abraham,R. and F.Varela (1990), Myths within science,
Dynamics
Newsletter
3:4-5,
IS Newsletter
1:10-11.
-
Varela,F. (1995), Connaisances et répresentations,
BIC
(Paris), Nº27, 1995, pp.79-89.
-
Rodriguez, E. y F.Varela, Percepcón consciente: Sincronía
de groups neurnales,
Investigación y Ciencia
, Nov. 1999,
pp.38-39.
-
Varela, F. (1999), Líautorganisation, dans:
Sciences et Conscience
,
Albin Michel, pp.105-109.
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Miscellaneous Contributions
|
|
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Varela,F. (1974), Contributions to
Cybernetics of Cybernetics
,
Biological Computer Labortatory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.
-
Varela,F. (1981), La biologie de la connaissance,
Les Entretiens
de Monaco
, Paris, pp.99-104.
-
Varela,F. (1982), Introduction, in: H.von Foerster,
Observing
Systems: Selected papers by Heinz von Förster
, Edited by F.Varela,
Intersystems Publications, Santa Barbara, pp.xi-xvi.
-
Varela,F. (1985), Die Kunst des Wissens: Foreword to W.I.Thompson's
Die Pazifische Herausforderung: Re-vision des politisches Denkens
,
Dianus Trikont Verlag, München, pp.9-13.
-
Varela, F. (1986), Interventions, in:
M.Cazenave (Ed.),
Signes
et Symbols: Les Voies de la Connaissance,
Actes du Colloque Intl. de
Tsukuba, Aubin Michel/Radio France, Paris.
-
Varela,F. (1987), Interventions, in:
Cretivité et Desordre
,
, Editions L'Original, Paris.
-
Varela,F. (1989), Creare la danza, Prefazione per M.Ceruti,
La
Danza che Crea
, Feltrinelli, Milano, pp.7-9.
-
Varela, F. (1994), Intervention, in: Dalai-Lama,
Au-delà des
dogmes
, Alban Michel Paris, pp.226-258
Varela, F. (1995), Preface ot Heinz von Foerster's Interview,
Stanford
Humanities Review
, vol.4, No.2, pp.285-288.
Varela, F. (1995), Il corpo come macchina ontologica: il reale del virtuale,
in:
Arslab: I sensi del virtuale,
Fabbri Editori, Milano, pp.148-150.
Varela, F. (1995), Les mystères du cerveau, dans: A.Sureau (Ed.),
Qu'est-ce qu'on ne sait pas?
, Les Rencontres Philosophiques de l'Unesco,
Découvertes Gallimard, Paris, p.54-58.
Varela, F. (1996), Le corps et la expérience vécue, dans:
Y.Tardan-Masquelier (ed.),
Les Chemins du Corps
, Albin Michel, Paris,
pp.110-124.
Varela, F. (1999),
The Portable Laboratory
, in: Laboratorium,
Antwerpen Open, 27 June-3 Octobre.
-
Varela, F. (1999),
Dialogue
avec C.Castoriadis, Editions de l'Aubre,
Paris, pp. 59-83.
-
Varela, F. (1999), Levels of a cat, in: F.Bonami and H.U.Obrist (Eds.),
Dreams
, Celtevecchi Artes, Torino.
-
Varela, F. (1999), The Portable Laboratory, in
Laboratorium
Exhibition,
Antwerp, June-Octobre 1999, p.50-51.
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Technical Reports
|
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Maturana, H. and F.Varela (1974), Autopoiesis: The organization
of living systems,
Biological Computer Lab.Res.Rep.
9.4, University of
Illinois, Urbana, IL. 130 pp.
-
Varela,F. (1976), The grounds for a closed logic,
Biological
Computer Lab.Res.Rep.
3.5, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. 79 pp.
-
Varela,F. (1987), The science and technology of cognition: Emergent
directions, Technical Report for Shell Int.Co. , London.
|
Articles on Social Affairs
|
|
-
Varela,F. (1973), Lectura de Illich,
CIDOC Documenta
I/V
72, 24pp., Cuernavaca, Mexico.
Varela, F. (1979), Reflections on the chilean civil war,
Lindisfarne
Newsletter
, Nº8, pp.13-20.
-
Varela,F. (1983), La no-violencia en Chile, a la hora de las
dudas, en:
Alternativas al Pensamiento Social
, L.Weinstein (Ed.),
Ediciones Minga, Santiago de Chile.
-
Varela,F. and eight other chilean scientists (1984), Scientists
in Pinochet's Chile,
Nature
308:310.
-
Varela, F. (1986), Interventions in: The ethics of science (with
R.D.Laing, J.Halifax, F.Huxley, and others), in:
The Elmwood Institute
Transcripts
Nº1, Berkeley, 7pp.
-
Varela, F. (1987), Interventions in: Table Ronde sur Psychoanalyse
et Sciences Cognitives,
L'Ane: Le magazine freudien
, (Paris), Nº31,
pp.39-50.
-
Varela,F. (1988), Les multiples figures de la circularité,
in: M.Elkaïm et C.Sluzki (Eds.),
Auto-référence et
Thérapie Familiale,
Privat Cahiers de Thérapie Familiale
et Pratiques de Réseaux Nº9, Toulouse, pp.45-49.
also in M.Elkaïm (ed.),
La thérapie familiale en changement
,
Les Empêcheurs de Penser en Rond, Paris, 1994, pp.151-155
-
Varela, F., (1988), "Le corp pense", in: J.Miermont et R.Neuburger
(eds.),
Approche familiale des troubles psychosomatiques
, 8e Journée
du CEFA, Paris, pp.83-101.
-
Varela,F. (1989), Reflections on the circulation between a biology
of cognition and systemic family therapy,
Fam.Proc.
28:15-24.
-
Varela,F. (1989), Interventions dans la Table Ronde "Psychanalyse
et Sciences",
Esquisses Psychoanalytiques
Nº12, Automne 1989,
pp.5-39.
-
Varela, F., (1990) The absolute near side: Reflections on cognitive
science and human experience, in: M.Pacini (Ed.), Valori, Scienza e
Trascendenza, Vol.2, Edizioni della Fondazione Giovanni Agnelli, pp.225-237.
-
-
Italian:
Educazione dall'amibiente, ambienta dall'educazione, Milano, (in press)
-
Varela, F. (1990), Über Farber und Körper in:
Wahrnehmung
und Individualität,
Akademie der Kunst in Wien, pp.25-31.
-
Varela, F. (1992), Penser l'IA: Le point de vue d'un biologiste,
Université d'Eté, Assoc. Descartes
(sous presse)
-
Varela, F. (1992), Das zweite Gehirn underseres Körper,
in:
The End of Grand Designs
, Heidelberg
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Videos
|
|
|
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Varela,F. (1975), On G.Spencer-Brown's Laws of Form, Part I:
Foundations, Part II: Self-reference, 4 video casettes, 3 hrs,
General
Systems Depository
, School of Advanced Technology, SUNY at Binghampton,
Binghampton, NY, Nº042075.
-
Varela, F. (1984), Awakening the dream of the warrior, Ojai Foundation,
Ojai, CA, 6 hrs videocassetts (with J.Halifax, R.D.Laing, F.Huxley, and
others).
-
Varela,F. (1984),
Brain Seminar: Conversations with J.Krishnamurti
,
Brockwood Park, England, 3 videocassetts, 3 hrs.
-
Varela,F. and other 3 scientists, (1987)
Mind and Life I:
Conversation with H.H.Dalai Lama
, Dharamsala, India, 12 videocassetts
-
Varela,F. and three others (1991),
Science and Spirituality
,
1 videocasstte
-
Varela,F. and other 5 scientists, (1991)
Mind and Life II:
Conversation with H.H.Dalai Lama
, Dharamsala, India, 12 videocassetts
-
Varela, F. (1994)
Né pour Aprendre
, Universityde La
Rochelle, 2 videocasstees.
-
Varela,F. and other 5 scientists, (1994)
Mind and Life IV:
Conversation with H.H.Dalai Lama
, Dharamsala, India, 12 videocassetts
-
Varela, F. (1997),
La Belleza de Pensar
, ARTV, Santiago de Chile.
-
Varela, F. (1999),
Science et Buddhism
, A2 France, 2 entretiens
-
Varela, F. (1999),
Visa pour la Science
, FR3
-
Varela, F. (1999),
Portrait
, Archimede, ARTE
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Interviews
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-
Varela,F. (1976), On observing natural systems (Interview by
Donna Johnson),
CoEvolution Quarterly
, Nº11, pp.26-31.
-
Varela,F. (1982), Die Biologie der Freiheit (Interview by Rainer
Kakushka),
Psychologie Heute
(Germany) Nº9, Sept. 1982, pp.82-93.
-
Varela,F. (1982), Au commencemente fut la distinctionÖ(Interview
by Gérard Blanc),
Co Evolution
(Paris) Nº8/9, Printemps/Eté,
pp.24-27.
-
Varela,F. (1984), Die möglichkeit der Transformation (Interview
by Susan Gerlach),
Esotera
(Germany), pp.1002-1020. (Also in: G.Geisler
(Hrsg.),
New Age -Zeugnisse der Zeitwende
, Bauer Verlag, Freiburg,
1984).
-
Varela, F. (1985), Interview (by Hiroshi Hasegawa), in
Gendai-Shiso
(Japan) vol.13, pp.214-229.
-
Varela, F. (1986), Intrevista a Francisco J.Varela (by Alfonso
Iacono),
Scienza /Esperienza
, Milano, Nº34, 27-29.
-
Varela,F. (1986), Interview (by Isabelle Stengers),
Cahier
CREA
Nº9, pp.271-293.
-
Varela,F. (1987) Interview (by Shin Yoshifuku),
OMNI Japan
,
March 1987, pp.35-39.
Varela, F. (1987), Habt Mut zur Erkentniss, (Interview by Angela
Roethe),
Esotera (FRG)
, July 1987, pp.36-41.
-
Varela,F. (1987), Cognitive Science and the logic of mirrors
(Interview by Allen Brodsky),
IS Journal #5,
pp.16-26.
-
Varela,F. (1987), Interview (by Andres Perez),
Analisis (Chile)
,
No.22
-
Varela,F. (1988) Intervista (by Paolo Perticari),
Conocere
il Handicap, Dec.1988,
pp.5-8.
-
Varela,F. (1990), Interview (by Maria Rennhofer),
Parnass
,
March/April, pp.96-98
-
Varela, F. (1990), Interview (by Louisse Wrijers),
Art and
Science meet Spirituality
, SDU Publishers, Gravnehagen, Holland, pp.184-200.
-
Varela, F. (1990) Entretien (avec Angela Marechal),
Phréatique:
Langage et Création
, Nº54, pp.109-120.
-
Varela, F. (1990), Entretien (avec Noèlle Batt),
TLE,
Nº8, pp.165-175
-
Varela, F., (1991) Interview (by Dominique Bouchet),
Paradoks
Copenhaguen, NR 2, pp.14-18
-
Varela,F. (1991), Zwischen den Welten, Gespräch mit Ulli Olvedi,
Esotera
, Oktober 91, pp.33-37.
-
Varela, F. (1992), Intrevista (con Nancy Canessa),
UnoMismo
,
Bs.Aires-Chile, Nº25, pp.26-43.
-
Varela, F. (1992), Entrevista (con Blanca Moreno),
Clínica
y Salud,
3:89-98
-
Varela, F. (1992), Interview (with William I.Thompson),
Annals
of Earth
, vol.X, Nº2, pp.7-11
-
Varela, F. (1993), Intrevista (by Marco Castrigliano),
Methodologia
-
Varela, F. (1993), Entretien (avec Ariel Kyrov),
Actuelle
Juillet-Aout Nº 31/32, pp.128-134
-
Varela, F. (1993), Entretien (avec Jeanne Mallet et J.F. Dortier),
Sciences Humaines, 52-56. Reprinted in: Le Cerveau et la Pensee: La revolution des Sciences Cognitives, Editions Sciences Humaines, 1999, p.327-335.
-
Varela,F. (1993), Entretien (avec G.Pessis-Pasternak),
Libération, 8 Sept. Also in: G.Pessis-Pasternak,
La science: Dieu ou diable?,, Editions Odile Jacob, Paris., 1999, pp.123-131.
-
Varela, F. (1993), Entrevista (con Rogerio Costa),
Limiares do Contemporaneo
,
Escuta, Sao Paulo, pp.73-97.
-
Varela,F. (1994), Il racconto dell'Identita (avec Franco Floris),
Animazione Sociale
-
Varela,F. (1994), Entretien (avec B.Joisten et O.Zahn),
PurpleProse , 5, Hiver 1994.
-
Varela,F. (1994), Entrevista (C.Uribe): Revista Siglo xxi,
El Mercurio, Santiago de Chile, Jueves 13 de Octubre.
-
Varela,F. (1995), Psicoanalisis con-ciencia (B.Moreno),
Mundo Científico
,
Enero, No.153., pp.72-78.
-
Varela, F. (1995), La metafora di Varela, Intervista (P.Muscara),
SistemaTerra
, vol.4, No.1, pp.7-14.
-
Varela, F. (1995), Big Mind Science (Eric Davis),
Shambhala Sun,
September pp. 26-34.
-
Varela, F. (1996), Entretien (J.Mallet),
Développement des
Personnes et Développement des Organisations
, Omega Formation
Conseil, Aix-en-Provence.
-
Varela, F. (1996), Sanfte Brücke Interview mit F.Varela ( T.Zahcmeier),
Mandala
, No.5, pp. 48-51.
-
Varela, F. (1996), Science et Bouddhisme (F.Lenoir),
L'Express ,
No.2364 24 Octobre 1996, p. 60.
-
Varela, F. (1996), La aspiración a la sabiduría (C.Ferreira),
La Epoca
(Santiago de Chile), 27 Ocobre 1996, pp. 22-23.
-
Varela, F. (1997), Mente y Vida en diálogo intercultural (M.T.Cárdenas),El Mercurio, Revista de Libros (Santiago de Chile), 30 Agosto 1997, pp. 4-5.
-
Varela, F. (1997), En busca de la conciencia (C.Villegas),
Paula (Chile), Deciembre, p. 44-51.
-
Varela, F. (1998), Le cerveau n'est pas un ordinateur (H.Kempf), La Recherche No.308(Avril), pp.109-112.
-
Varela, F. (1998), Researcher Profile (Nola Lewis), IONS Review, No.46, pp.44-45.
-
Varela, F. (1999), La conscience: la tempete sous un crâne, (Isabelle Brisson), Le Figaro, Jeudi 4 Février.
-
Varela, F. (1999), Portrait:
Francisco Varela, le chercheur par qui la pensee se fait chair, (J.P.Dufour),
Le Monde Jeudi 18 Février.
-
Varela, F. (1999), Autopoiesis and Phenomenology, (Interview by H.Kawamoto),
Gendai-shiso (Japan), No.4, 1999, pp.80-93.
-
Varela, F. (1999), What a relief! I don't exist: Buddhism and the Brain
(Wes Nisker), Inquiring Mind, vol.16 No.1, 1999, p.7-9.
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"Unless we accept that at this point in intellectual and scientific history that some radical re-learning is necessary, we cannot hope to move forward in the compulsive history of the ambivalent rejection-fascination with consciousness in philosophy of mind and cognitive science. My proposal implies that every good student of cognitive science who is also interested in issues at the level of mental experience, must inescapably attain a level of mastery in phenomenological examination in order to work seriously with first-person accounts. But this can only happen when the entire community adjusts itself to the corresponding acceptance of arguments, refereeing standards and editorial policies in major scientific journals, that can make this added competence an important dimension of a young researcher. To the long-standing tradition of objectivist science this sounds like anathema, and it is. But this is not a betrayal of science: it is a necessary extension and complement. Science and experience constrain and modify each other as in a dance. This is where the potential for transformation lies. It is also the key for the difficulties this position has found within the scientific community. It requires us to leave behind a certain image of how science is done, and to question a style of training in science which is part of the very fabric of our cultural identity."
Francisco Varela, Neurophenomenology : A methodological remedy for the hard problem, Journal of Consciousness Studies, "Special Issues on the Hard Problems", J.Shear (Ed.), June 1996.
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